:: TIP 시리즈 다이오드 사용 (달링톤)............ (feat.모터제어시 유의사항)

TIP 시리즈 다이오드 사용 (달링톤)............ (feat.모터제어시 유의사항)

졸업작품/고휘도 LED제어+Bluetooth+TIP122사용

2016. 10. 22. 11:48

336x280(권장), 300x250(권장), 250x250, 200x200 크기의 광고 코드만 넣을 수 있습니다.

naver[12V 솔레노이드 트랜지스터]

naver[tip127]

클릭▶졸작의뢰 링크

12V 솔레노이드 모터는 Relay를 통해서 제어한다.

(누가 여기페이지에 검색해온관계로 솔레노이드 사진 띄워봅니다.)

http://bildr.org/2011/03/high-power-control-with-arduino-and-tip120/

▼TIP와 모터의 순서를 바꿔도 회로상엔 문제가 없지만 실제구동시

모터에서 소모하고 남은 전류가 TIP에 누적되면 TIP가 점점 열받게 되므로

모터와 TIP 그리고 Arduino의 순서를 아래그림처럼 해주는게 좋습니다.

Up until now, we have talked about working with a lot of low-power devices.

Sensors, LEDs, ICs, and the like are all capable of being powered directly from your Arduino,

but as many awesome 5 and 3.3v components as there are,

eventually you will find yourself holding a 12v solenoid, motor, or light

and wondering “How the heck am I supposed to control this from my Arduino?”

Well today we are going to talk about doing just that from a magical device

know as a transistor, specifically the TIP120 Darlington Transistor.

이제껏, 우린 이야기해왔다. about 작업하는걸 with a 다소 낮은 power 디바이스들로.

센서 LED IC 들같은건 모두 허용한다. of 전원공급되는걸 곧바로 from 네 Arduino로부터

but as amy awesome 5V 3.3V 요소들이 있는만큼

결국 넌 will 찾을것이다. 네 스스로 holding하는 a 12V 솔레노이드 모터를 or light를

and 궁금해하며 "얼마나 the 개조할런지 내가 to 컨트롤하기위해 이걸 from my Arduino로"

오늘 우린 are going to 이야기할꺼다 about doing just that을 from 마법같은 device로

알려진 as a TR로, 특별히 the TIP120 달링톤 TR로.

TIP120 , TIP122 (NPN Darlington TR)

TIP127 (PNP Darlington TR)

The reason I’m covering this particular transistor

is because it is readily available,

and you can usually pick one up from Radio Shack, Adafruit

or other local parts store in a jam,

but you can use any NPN darlington transistor

like the BD651 exactly the same way.

그 이유 내가 발견한 이 특별한 TR을

는 because 그게 손쉽게 사용가능하기 때문이다.

How this works

WARNING: I am about to simplify the crud out of this, so beware… it is here in an attempt to explain, in simple terms, what is going on.

If you don’t know transistors at all, they are 3 lead components that have 2 simple functions, to switch or amplify (in this example it is setup as a switch).

You basically have an In called the Collector, an Out called the Emitter, and aControl called the Base.

When you send a HIGH signal to the base (control pin), the transistor switches and allows current to flow from the collector (in) to the emitter (out).

So we connect it

so that our motor, solenoid or light is connected to V+ but not ground (V-).

Ground is connected to the transistor’s collector.

그래서 우린 연결한다.그걸

so that 우리 모터에, 솔레노이드에 or 라이트는 연결된다. V+에 but not GND말고

GND는 연결된다. to the TR의 collector에.

When our arduino sends a HIGH signal to the transistor’s base,

it switches the transistor (connecting the collector and emitter) and completes the circuit for the motor, solenoid, or light.

우리가 보낼때 a HIGH signal을 to the TR의 Base에,

이건 switch한다. the TR을

Hooking it up / What’s the diode used for?

This circuit is pretty simple.

This type of transistor is switched by current and not voltage,

이런 타입의 TR은 스위치된다. by 전류에 의해서 and not 전압이 아닌.

so we need to make sure to supply the correct current to the base to switch it,

so a resistor is connected from the Arduino to the base to limit the current to the proper amount.

You can see that in 2 of the 3 illustrations,

there is a diode parallel to the device we are powering.

Any time you are powering a device with a coil, such as arelay, solenoid, or motor,

you need this guy, and don’t leave home without it.

What happens is when you stop powering the coil, a reverse voltage, up to several hundred volts, spikes back.

This only lasts a few microseconds, but it is enough to kill our transistor.

So this diode (only allows current to pass one way) is normally facing the wrong direction and does nothing.

But when that voltage spikes comes flowing the opposite direction,

the diode allows it to flow back to the coil and not the transistor.

We will need a diode fast enough to react to the kickback, and strong enough to take the load.

A rectifier diode like the 1N4001 or SB560 should do the job.

If you are looking for extra protection you could use an optoisolator between the Arduino and the transistor.

An optoisolator optically isolates both sides (high and low power) of the circuit so the high-voltage can not possibly come back to the microcontroller.

Just make sure that protection diode is facing the correct way (stripe facing the V+ of device).

If it is facing the wrong direction, the device you are trying to power will not work as the diode will just allow the current to bypass it.

Limitations

Transistors like the TIP120 are really great for controlling high-power devices from your microcontroller, but they do have some limitations. This current configuration is only useful for switching DC current, so don’t try this with an AC source, also transistors have both a voltage and an amperage/current limitation. The TIP120 can handle switching up to 60V, and the amperage is limited to 5A, or up to 8A pulses of 300µs. I have managed to blow out one of these with a 5A load because of heat. Actually anything over a few amps, especially when the current is constant (like in a motor) and not short pulses, I would recommend using a heat-sink. I usually just solder a bent pice of metal to the back, just something to help dissipate the heat. Just note, if you are using more than one of the TIP120s, you can not solder them to the same heat-sink as the back is connected to the base of the transistor, not the emitter. If you need to switch more than 5A or AC, I would look at using a relay instead.

TIP120 고출력 디바이스를 제어하는덴 훌륭하지만 Liminations가 있다.

DC current를 switching하는덴 유용하지만 AC source엔 쓰지말길 바란다.

TIP는 60V까지, 5A까지 다룰수있다.

모터제어시 TIP120뒤에 HeatSink를 달기도한다.

(★모터하고 TIP120의 위치만 바꿔줘도 HeatSink가 필요없을만큼 열이 현저히 내려간다.)

If you need to switch할 필요가있다면 more than 5A이상 or AC로,

그땐 Relay를 권장하는 바이다.

Fade it!

You know the PWM outputs on your Arduino? Yeah, the thing that allows you to analogWrite(pin, value). Well, PWM is not actually an analogoutput. The Arduino is actually pulsing (very quickly) between 0 and 5v so that the average voltage is somewhere in between 0 and 5. Because of this, the PWM can be extended through the transistor (the transistor can only turn ON or OFF, but can do so very quickly) allowing us to fade lights or control the speed of a motor just like if they were connected directly to the Arduino. All you need to do in order to take advantage of this is make sure the TIP120‘s base is connected to a PWM pin.

Code

You don’t really need code for this, you just send a HIGH signal to the base pin, and BAM… it works. But I threw this together for you so you can test it fading with the PWM- This code fades in a sin wave like the video below. (only useful for a motor or light obviously).

TIP시리즈의 내부구조가 Darlington TR이 된다.